case7 – omitting the connective However, such change is not easy and can be accomplished only when leaders of both sides have no illusions, talk candor, and meet differences head-on. 然而，要实现这种改变并非轻而易举，只有（…）双方领导人不抱幻想、开诚布公、正视分歧，才能做到这一点。Case 8 – omitting to improve expression The Seller guarantees that the goods supplied under the present contract are currently manufactured in the Seller's country, the quality and performances of the contracted goods are in conformity with the current technical specifications laid down by the ABC Industries Corporation. 卖方保证本合同所供货物均系卖方所在国新近生产，其（…）质量及各项性能均符合ABC工业公司（…）现行技术规定。Case 9 - clause/sentence merging It was a hope which reflected the conviction expressed some years earlier by the then British Prime Minister. 译一：这是一个反映了若干年前当时在任的英国首相表达过的信念的希望。 译二：这个希望反映了当时的英国首相在几年前表达过的信念。 Case for discussion Today, we see a China that is still defined by noble traditions of family, scholarship and honor. 今天，我们看到中国仍然奉行着重视家庭、学业和荣誉的优良传统。 Lecture Four ExtensionPurposes: After the source text is converted into the target language (Chinese) to provide background knowledge to improve the structure accordingly Methods: adding words for information/explanation splitting the sentencecase 1 - adding words to explain Saddam can not single-handedly cause shortages and gasoline lines. 萨达姆一个人不可能造成石油短缺，使加油站前排起长队Case 2 – providing background In April, there was the "ping" heard around the world. In July, the ping "panged". 四月，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了过去，到了七月，美国“乓”的一声又把球打了回来。Case 3 – improving expression Joint ventures, in a number of cases, don't work out because the "people" relationships become unglued and/or the business can't be made profitable. 在不少情况下，合资企业之所以不成功，不是因为“人际”关系不和，就是因为企业不盈利，或是两者兼而有之。or structure divisionPurposes: to reshuffle the way of narration to reorganize the logic accordingly to improve the expression Method: splitting and reorganizing adding words when necessarycase4 – splitting the collocation The pay hikes promised by the Left could price French products out of European markets. 左派做出的提高工资的许诺会使法国产品价格过高，从而失去欧洲市场。case5 - splitting the collocation The car is due for a new name before American introduction. 这种汽车在向美国出口之前，必须起一个新名字。Case 6 – splitting the phrase While recognizing that China alone must determine its fate, I urge China to open itself to the rich rewards of full participation in the community of trading nations. 我固然懂得，中国的命运必须由她自己来决定，但我仍然敦促中国全面加入到世界贸易共同体中来，此举必将给它带来丰厚的回报。case 7 splitting the clause The Secretary-General has received the following communication which is circulated in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 1296 (XLIV). 秘书长已收到以下来函，现按经济及社会理事会第1296（XLIV）号决议予以散发。Case 8 – division & reorganizing It is right here, at Geneva, whose very name evokes peace, the will to peace, cooperation among nations, that after long years of discussion, the negotiations were completed which had started on March 24, 1984 at Havana on the necessity of creating as part of the United Nations system a body responsible for regulating international trade. 日内瓦是一个唤起和平、唤起各国和平意愿与合作的地方。正是在此地，1984年3月24日在哈瓦那发起的旷日持久的谈判终于完成了。这次谈判的主题是，是否有必要在联合国系统内建立一个负责监管国际贸易的机构。Case for discussion He wrote in his syndicated column that an unchecked Saddam would be able to "cause a worldwide economic crisis."